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IPv6: 兼容地址(Compatibility Address)

为使现有网络能从IPv4平滑过渡到IPv6,需要用到一些IPv6转换机制。本文简单总结了较为流行的一些IPv6兼容地址,这些地址能够在特定转化机制下,在IPv4网络中使用:

1. IPv4-mapped IPv6 addresses

  • 地址格式 ::ffff:w.x.y.z

2. ISATAP(Intra-Site Automatic Tunnel Addressing Protocal)地址

  • 地址格式 ::0:5EFE:w.x.y.z
  • 任何一个可以用在unicast地址的64位前缀,都可以用作ISATAP地址的前缀
  • 例如Link-local地址(FE80::/64),则有Link-local ISATAP地址FE80::5EFE:w.x.y.z
  • 实现:Windows XP, Windows Vista, Windows 7, Windows Mobile, Linux

3. 6over4地址

  • 地址格式 ::wwxx:yyzz 其中ww,xx,yy,zz都是十六进制
  • 任何一个可以用在unicast地址的64位前缀,都可以用作6over4地址的前缀
  • 例如Link-local地址(FE80::/64),则有Link-local 6over4地址FE80::wwxx.yyzz
  • 局限:6over4需要IPv4多播支持

4. Teredo地址

  • 地址格式 2001::/32
  • Teredo地址属于Global Unicast地址
  • Teredo协议将IPv6数据包封装成IPv4 UDP包,这些数据包被转发到Teredo中继上
  • Teredo中继(连接到IPv6网络的Teredo节点)接收、解封这些数据包,并发送到IPv6网络上
  • 局限:Teredo对NAT支持不佳

5. 6to4地址

  • 地址格式 2002:wwxx:yyzz::/48 其中ww,xx,yy,zz都是十六进制
  • 6to4地址属于Global Unicast地址
  • IPv4地址包含在IPv6地址前缀中
  • 和Teredo类似,6to4需要中继服务器

地址转换示例:

Example: IPv4 address to 6to4 IPv6 address
    IPv4 dec:  192 . 0 . 2 . 4
    IPv4 hex:   C0 . 0 . 2 . 4
    IPv4 hex:     C000 0204
    IPv6 pre:2002:C000:0204::/48

6. IPv4-compatible地址【已弃用】

  • 地址格式 ::w.x.y.z

References:

[1] 戴友炜,Windows Server 2008 R2安装于管理,清华大学出版社
[2] IPv6(English Version)
[3] IPv6(中文版)
[4] ISATAP
[5] 6over4
[6] Teredo tunneling
[7] 6to4

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