How to Load the Sample Data in Joomla! 4.0

如何在Joomla中加载示例数据！4.0

The Internet has changed our lives forever. Nowadays, almost everyone uses the World Wide Web every day. If you want to get ahead in life, you need to master the basics of computer science. This is especially true if you plan to launch your own web hosting business.

Web servers are computers that store websites and other data online. They allow us to access these files whenever we wish. To run a successful web server business, you’ll need to have some basic technical skills. These include knowing how to install software, troubleshoot problems, and configure settings. You can learn all this by reading through this article.

In this article, I have shared how to start a web server business from scratch. If you are a beginner, then this article is for you. Read this article to know more about the web server business in 2022.

What is a Web Server

A web server is a computer program that allows people to view or download information stored on it. It’s like an online storage space where you can upload and share any type of file. For example, you could use a web server to host your website. Or you could use one to host your company’s website. You can also use a web server to create blogs, forums, wikis, photo galleries, video-sharing sites, etc. Anything that requires storing content online. 

For example, KangleWeb is one such web server that we can think of today. It is light, easy to use, and has a lot of users’ friendly features. 

Why Use a Web Server

The main reason why you would use a web server is that it’s easy to set up. Once you’ve installed it, you don’t need to worry about maintaining it. All you need to do is visit the site once in a while to make sure everything is working fine. Another good thing about using a web server is that it’s cheap. Most web hosts offer free plans with limited features. So, even if you’re just starting, you won’t be spending much money.

If you want to build a profitable web server business, you should consider selling premium services. Premium packages usually cost around $10 per month. However, they come with many advanced features such as unlimited bandwidth, multiple domains, email accounts, etc.

How to Start a Web Server Business in 2022

In the early 2000s, web hosting was a popular service among small businesses looking to make money online. Today, however, web hosting is much different. There are now several options for small businesses looking to host websites, including cloud computing platforms like Amazon Web Services and Microsoft Azure.

Starting a web server business from scratch may seem like a daunting task, but it doesn’t have to be! There are plenty of resources out there that can help you get started. Here are some important steps to make sure you’re ready to launch your web hosting company.

Step 1: Choose a Niche Market

Choosing a niche market is key when starting a web hosting company. Choosing an underserved market is a smart move since it gives you a competitive advantage over competitors. For example, choosing a market that is underserviced by existing providers allows you to charge higher prices and provide superior customer service.

Step 2: Get a Business Name

Once you’ve chosen a niche market, you’ll need to choose a name for your web hosting company. It is suggested to get a short yet unique name for your company. Also, it is important to create your website as soon as you get the name registered. Try to find a domain name that is short, memorable, and conveys a sense of professionalism. 

Step 3: Get Your Company Registered

As soon as you get the name of your company and get the website, it is time to register your company. For a startup, it is better to start a limited liability company. They have a less-complicated formation process and have more tax benefits. Check out the guide on how to start an LLC and some more LLC-related articles on StartMyLLC. 

Step 4: Build a Branding Strategy

Your branding strategy should include everything from logo design to advertising materials. Once you have a brand identity, you’ll need to build a strong reputation within your target market. This will allow you to attract customers who trust your brand. If you take any web hosting company like KangleWeb, they have a unique brand name and design. More such companies started recently and expanding at high speed. 

Step 5: Develop a Customer Relationship Management System

Developing a CRM system is essential for running a successful web hosting company. Keeping track of customers’ needs and preferences ensures that you’re providing the best possible service. Also, for web server business, you must be available to serve your customers/clients 24/7. It is important to get a CRM to keep all your clients on track. 

Step 6: Hire Staff

Hiring staff members is another critical step in launching a web hosting company. As your business grows, you’ll need employees to manage operations, handle billing, and answer support requests. While hiring employees, make sure to follow state-wise employment rules. For example, if you are starting an LLC in Florida, you might have to file an employment tax return. 

Step 7: Promote Yourself

Promoting yourself is crucial for getting clients. Whether you advertise on social media sites, place ads in local newspapers, or hold seminars, you’ll need to promote yourself so that clients know who you are and what you can do for them.

Step 8: Grow Your Client Base

Grow your client base by offering discounts, referrals, and other incentives to current clients. You can also offer free trials to potential clients to see if they would be interested in signing up. Keep an eye on the competitors in the market. Their offers, discounts, and what they are offering to their clients are needed to be checked. 

Step 9: Offer More Than Just Hosting

As your business grows, you might decide to expand into additional services. For example, you could start an e-commerce store where you sell products directly to consumers. You can also offer website designing, web content, logo designing, or something else to grab more clients. 

Step 10: Keep Up With Technology

Keeping up with technology is important for any business, but it’s especially true for a web hosting company. If you don’t stay ahead of trends, you risk losing clients to competitors who are using new technologies. 

Types of Web Server Solutions

Here’s a look at some of the best web server solutions available today:

1. Hosting Providers

Web hosting providers sell space on servers located in remote locations around the world. They provide customers access to software tools, databases, email addresses, and other resources needed to build and maintain websites. Hosting providers typically charge monthly fees based on the number of domains hosted on the server. Many also offer discounts for multiple domain names.

Some providers offer unlimited bandwidth, meaning customers can upload large files without worrying about running out of space. Others restrict bandwidth so that only certain kinds of content can be uploaded.

2. Cloud Computing Platforms

Cloud computing platforms allow users to store and process information in the cloud rather than on local computers. These platforms usually provide storage space and processing power on demand. Amazon Web Services (AWS), Google Cloud Platform (GCP), and Microsoft Azure are examples of cloud computing platforms. Each platform provides its own set of features and benefits, but all three offer similar capabilities.

3. Dedicated Servers

Dedicated servers are physical machines dedicated to serving websites. Customers purchase these systems directly from manufacturers and install operating systems, applications, and databases themselves. For Example, KangleWeb, as I mentioned before. 

Dedicated servers come in various sizes, ranging from single-processor models to multi-core configurations. Some vendors offer virtualized versions of dedicated servers, allowing customers to run multiple instances of the same application on the same system. 

4. VPS Hosting

Virtual private servers (VPS) are virtual servers that reside within larger shared environments. Unlike dedicated servers, VPSes share hardware and network infrastructure with other customers. Customers buy VPSes from third parties and install operating systems, database programs, and applications themselves. 

5. Managed Service Providers

Managed service providers (MSPs) manage IT operations for their clients. MSPs often specialize in one or more areas, such as security, networking, or data backup. An MSP may handle everything related to an organization’s technology needs, including installing new equipment, maintaining existing systems, and providing ongoing support.

6. Software As A Service (SAAS)

Software as a service (SAAS) refers to services offered by companies that don’t own any physical assets. Instead, they rent them to customers. The most common SAAS offering is SaaS, which stands for “software as a service.” This type of service allows organizations to use software over the internet instead of having to download it onto their computer.

7. Application Programming Interface (API)

An API (application programming interface) is a way for two different pieces of software to communicate with each other. APIs are used when developers want to create custom solutions for specific problems. For example, if you wanted to develop a website builder, you could write your API that would let you connect your site builder to a database program.

8. Content Delivery Network (CDN)

A content delivery network (CDN) delivers digital media faster because it stores copies of popular content closer to where people are accessing it. Content delivery networks were originally designed to improve the performance of online video streaming sites like Netflix. However, CDNs also work well for static web pages and other types of content.

9. Digital Marketing Agency

Digital marketing agencies help businesses market their products and services using a variety of tools and techniques. They can provide everything needed to launch a successful campaign, from creating ads to managing social media accounts. Digital marketing agencies typically charge hourly rates based on the number of hours worked.

10. Online Advertising Agency

Online advertising agencies help businesses advertise their products and services through paid advertisements. These ads appear across the Internet, including search engines, social media platforms, and email newsletters.

Cost to Start a Web Server Business 

The average cost to start a web hosting company is $10,000-$20,000. This includes buying servers, hiring staff, purchasing software, etc. If you want to be successful, you need to spend at least $50,000 on equipment, staff, and other costs.

You will likely have to pay sales commissions to employees who sell web hosting plans. You should expect to make about 10% commission on every sale. If you plan to offer managed services, you’ll need to invest even more money. The average cost to hire a team of technicians is around $100 per hour.

Apart from the cost of setting up your web server business, there are filing fee charges, annual fees, and taxes that you must pay. These fees and taxes differ with states. For example, if you have an LLC in Texas or an LLC in California, you must have paid an annual Franchise Tax, along with a Sales Tax. On the other hand, for a Wyoming LLC and Montana LLC, you neither have to pay a Franchise Tax nor a Sales Tax.  Hence, to start and maintain a web server business, the above-mentioned costs should be considered. 

In Conclusion

Starting a Web Server business is not as difficult as many think. It’s quite easy to set up a web server business. All you need is a computer, some basic knowledge of computers, and a good idea. If you’re looking to start a web hosting business, this guide has all the information you need. We’ve provided a detailed description above of how to start a web server business from scratch. 

MYSQL 应该是最流行了 WEB 后端数据库。WEB 开发语言最近发展很快，PHP， Ruby, Python, Java 各有特点，虽然 NOSQL 最近越來越多的被提到，但是相信大部分架构师还是会选择 MYSQL 来做数据存储。

MYSQL 如此方便和稳定，以至于我们在开发 WEB 程序的时候很少想到它。即使想到优化也是程序级别的，比如，不要写过于消耗资源的 SQL 语句。但是除此之外，在整个系统上仍然有很多可以优化的地方。

1. 选择合适的存储引擎: InnoDB

除非你的数据表使用来做只读或者全文检索 (相信现在提到全文检索，没人会用 MYSQL 了)，你应该默认选择 InnoDB 。

你自己在测试的时候可能会发现 MyISAM 比 InnoDB 速度快，这是因为： MyISAM 只缓存索引，而 InnoDB 缓存数据和索引，MyISAM 不支持事务。但是 如果你使用 innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 2可以获得接近的读取性能 (相差百倍) 。

1.1 如何将现有的 MyISAM 数据库转换为 InnoDB:mysql -u [USER_NAME] -p -e "SHOW TABLES IN [DATABASE_NAME];" | tail -n +2 | xargs -I '{}' echo "ALTER TABLE {} ENGINE=InnoDB;" > alter_table.sql

perl -p -i -e 's/(search_[a-z_]+ ENGINE=)InnoDB//1MyISAM/g' alter_table.sql

mysql -u [USER_NAME] -p [DATABASE_NAME]

1.2 为每个表分别创建 InnoDB FILE：innodb_file_per_table=1

这样可以保证 ibdata1 文件不会过大，失去控制。尤其是在执行 mysqlcheck -o –all-databases 的时候。

2. 保证从内存中读取数据，讲数据保存在内存中

2.1 足够大的 innodb_buffer_pool_size

推荐将数据完全保存在 innodb_buffer_pool_size ，即按存储量规划 innodb_buffer_pool_size 的容量。这样你可以完全从内存中读取数据，最大限度减少磁盘操作。

2.1.1 如何确定 innodb_buffer_pool_size 足够大，数据是从内存读取而不是硬盘？

方法 1mysql> SHOW GLOBAL STATUS LIKE 'innodb_buffer_pool_pages_%';

+----------------------------------+--------+| Variable_name                    | Value  |

+----------------------------------+--------+

| Innodb_buffer_pool_pages_data    | 129037 || Innodb_buffer_pool_pages_dirty   | 362    |

| Innodb_buffer_pool_pages_flushed | 9998   || Innodb_buffer_pool_pages_free    | 0      |  !!!!!!!!

| Innodb_buffer_pool_pages_misc    | 2035   || Innodb_buffer_pool_pages_total   | 131072 |

+----------------------------------+--------+

6 rows in set (0.00 sec)

发现 Innodb_buffer_pool_pages_free 为 0，则说明 buffer pool 已经被用光，需要增大 innodb_buffer_pool_size

InnoDB 的其他几个参数：innodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 1/200 of buffer_pool

innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct 80%

方法 2

或者用iostat -d -x -k 1 命令，查看硬盘的操作。

2.1.2 服务器上是否有足够内存用来规划

执行 echo 1 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches 清除操作系统的文件缓存，可以看到真正的内存使用量。

2.2 数据预热

默认情况，只有某条数据被读取一次，才会缓存在 innodb_buffer_pool。所以，数据库刚刚启动，需要进行数据预热，将磁盘上的所有数据缓存到内存中。数据预热可以提高读取速度。

对于 InnoDB 数据库，可以用以下方法，进行数据预热:

1. 将以下脚本保存为 MakeSelectQueriesToLoad.sqlSELECT DISTINCT

CONCAT('SELECT ',ndxcollist,' FROM ',db,'.',tb,    ' ORDER BY ',ndxcollist,';') SelectQueryToLoadCache    FROM

(        SELECT

engine,table_schema db,table_name tb,

index_name,GROUP_CONCAT(column_name ORDER BY seq_in_index) ndxcollist        FROM

(            SELECT

B.engine,A.table_schema,A.table_name,

A.index_name,A.column_name,A.seq_in_index            FROM

information_schema.statistics A INNER JOIN

(                    SELECT engine,table_schema,table_name                    FROM information_schema.tables WHERE

engine='InnoDB'

) B USING (table_schema,table_name)            WHERE B.table_schema NOT IN ('information_schema','mysql')            ORDER BY table_schema,table_name,index_name,seq_in_index

) A        GROUP BY table_schema,table_name,index_name

) AAORDER BY db,tb

;

2. 执行mysql -uroot -AN  /root/SelectQueriesToLoad.sql

3. 每次重启数据库，或者整库备份前需要预热的时候执行：mysql -uroot  /dev/null 2>&1

2.3 不要让数据存到 SWAP 中

如果是专用 MYSQL 服务器，可以禁用 SWAP，如果是共享服务器，确定 innodb_buffer_pool_size 足够大。或者使用固定的内存空间做缓存，使用 memlock 指令。

3. 定期优化重建数据库

mysqlcheck -o –all-databases 会让 ibdata1 不断增大，真正的优化只有重建数据表结构：CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS mydb.mytablenew LIKE mydb.mytable;INSERT INTO mydb.mytablenew SELECT * FROM mydb.mytable;ALTER TABLE mydb.mytable RENAME mydb.mytablezap;ALTER TABLE mydb.mytablenew RENAME mydb.mytable;DROP TABLE mydb.mytablezap;

4. 减少磁盘写入操作

4.1 使用足够大的写入缓存 innodb_log_file_size

但是需要注意如果用 1G 的 innodb_log_file_size ，假如服务器当机，需要 10 分钟来恢复。

推荐 innodb_log_file_size 设置为 0.25 * innodb_buffer_pool_size

4.2 innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit

这个选项和写磁盘操作密切相关：

innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1 则每次修改写入磁盘

innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 0/2 每秒写入磁盘

如果你的应用不涉及很高的安全性 (金融系统)，或者基础架构足够安全，或者 事务都很小，都可以用 0 或者 2 来降低磁盘操作。

4.3 避免双写入缓冲innodb_flush_method=O_DIRECT

5. 提高磁盘读写速度

RAID0 尤其是在使用 EC2 这种虚拟磁盘 (EBS) 的时候，使用软 RAID0 非常重要。

6. 充分使用索引

6.1 查看现有表结构和索引SHOW CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS db1.tb1/G

6.2 添加必要的索引

索引是提高查询速度的唯一方法，比如搜索引擎用的倒排索引是一样的原理。

索引的添加需要根据查询来确定，比如通过慢查询日志或者查询日志,或者通过 EXPLAIN 命令分析查询。ADD UNIQUE INDEX

ADD INDEX

6.2.1 比如，优化用户验证表：

添加索引ALTER TABLE users ADD UNIQUE INDEX username_ndx (username);ALTER TABLE users ADD UNIQUE INDEX username_password_ndx (username,password);

每次重启服务器进行数据预热echo “select username,password from users;” > /var/lib/mysql/upcache.sql

添加启动脚本到 my.cnf[mysqld]init-file=/var/lib/mysql/upcache.sql

6.2.2 使用自动加索引的框架或者自动拆分表结构的框架

比如，Rails 这样的框架，会自动添加索引，Drupal 这样的框架会自动拆分表结构。会在你开发的初期指明正确的方向。所以，经验不太丰富的人一开始就追求从 0 开始构建，实际是不好的做法。

7. 分析查询日志和慢查询日志

记录所有查询，这在用 ORM 系统或者生成查询语句的系统很有用。log=/var/log/mysql.log

注意不要在生产环境用，否则会占满你的磁盘空间。

记录执行时间超过 1 秒的查询：long_query_time=1log-slow-queries=/var/log/mysql/log-slow-queries.log

8. 激进的方法，使用内存磁盘

现在基础设施的可靠性已经非常高了，比如 EC2 几乎不用担心服务器硬件当机。而且内存实在是便宜，很容易买到几十G内存的服务器，可以用内存磁盘，定期备份到磁盘。

将 MYSQL 目录迁移到 4G 的内存磁盘mkdir -p /mnt/ramdisk

sudo mount -t tmpfs -o size=4000M tmpfs /mnt/ramdisk/

mv /var/lib/mysql /mnt/ramdisk/mysql

ln -s /tmp/ramdisk/mysql /var/lib/mysql

chown mysql:mysql mysql

9. 用 NOSQL 的方式使用 MYSQL

B-TREE 仍然是最高效的索引之一，所有 MYSQL 仍然不会过时。

用 HandlerSocket 跳过 MYSQL 的 SQL 解析层，MYSQL 就真正变成了 NOSQL。

10. 其他单条查询最后增加 LIMIT 1，停止全表扫描。

将非”索引”数据分离，比如将大篇文章分离存储，不影响其他自动查询。

不用 MYSQL 内置的函数，因为内置函数不会建立查询缓存。

PHP 的建立连接速度非常快，所有可以不用连接池，否则可能会造成超过连接数。当然不用连接池 PHP 程序也可能将

连接数占满比如用了 @ignore_user_abort(TRUE);

使用 IP 而不是域名做数据库路径，避免 DNS 解析问题

11. 结束

你会发现优化后，数据库的性能提高几倍到几百倍。所以 MYSQL 基本还是可以适用大部分场景的应用的。优化现有系统的成本比系统重构或者迁移到 NOSQL 低很多。9